We have heard of different types of shares and one of the types is Preference Shares. What are preference shares? As the name suggests, it has preference over the other type of shares. Therefore equity shareholders are divided into 2 types; Ordinary shareholders and preferred shareholders.
When does this preference come into picture, it is usually in 2 situations; once when dividends are paid and secondly when the company goes into liquidation. Usually there is a percentage attached to these types of shares and this percentage is the dividend to be paid on these shares.
With the economy down and corporations in need of funds, one of the options for corporations with a win-win situation is to go for issue of preference shares. One of the problems with preference shares is, they are not liquid.
Some of the differences between preference shares and ordinary shares are
- Preference shares may be listed
- Preference shares usually has a higher divided rate
- Preference share holders are always paid dividends
- In case of liquidation Preference shareholders have preference over ordinary shareholders
- Preference shares are usually for a fixed period, like fixed deposits.
Usually there are 4 types of Preference Shares; Cumulative, non-cumulative, participating and convertible. The rest would just be a combination of these. Let us take a look at each of them.
Cumulative Preference Shares: Now cumulative means collect. So whenever a company does not pay dividends, they start accumulating and these would need to be paid before dividends are paid to ordinary share holders. In the year dividends are declared first the preferred shareholders, along with the accumulated dividend needs to be paid.
Non-cumulative Preference Shares: In this type of shares, if dividends are not declared for a particular year, they lapse.
Participating Preference Shares: In this type of preference shares in addition to normal dividend, it allows for additional dividend depending on certain circumstances viz. achieving a certain target, increase in dividend to ordinary shareholders, etc. In some cases a formula is associated for the additional dividend.
Convertible Preference Shares: These Preference shares can be converted to specified number of ordinary shares.
Monday, January 19, 2009
Saturday, January 10, 2009
Planning for new born
Everyone says get married and have children. Children are a gift of god. But taking the current economic scenario, having children is not cheap. Do I sound too blunt? It’s better to do that then cry later. It all starts from the time of conceiving. What do I mean? As soon as you realize that the woman is pregnant expenses start.
First to the Doctor and doctors are not cheap, add to that the medicines and diet, till delivery and regular visit to doctors. So you thought everything was cheap, think again. First thing you need to start planning is medical expenses. Try and get a medical insurance which would take care of these expenses.
It would be difficult to get everything out of insurance. So you would need to plan for these expenses. Now let’s assume you have taken care of the first hurdle. The next step is after the child is born. Child care for a new born is not cheap; taking the Indian society and social pressure, the cost would just keep mounting.
First there would be the costs of Pediatric care, in the initial years. And do not forget the cost of sweets and party for the naming ceremony for the new born. It’s better to be happy about the child being born, than to keep cursing throughout your life. Start keeping some money aside to take care of these expenses.
So start a child fund, to take care of pre-delivery and post delivery non-reimbursed expenses for 5 years.
Scared? There is still more to come. The expenses mentioned above would be for around 5 years; this could be different depending on the circumstances. Now comes the schooling time. Please remember things change when a child is born. If both of you were earning, there could be circumstances where one would need to stop working, to take care of the child. Your income goes down, so don’t you think you should plan?
As soon as the child is born, start investing in a good child care mutual fund on a regular basis. This would start building the corpus for higher studies. As you are aware higher education is not cheap and the cost would just keep creeping up.
This may sound cheap, but you need to rethink.
Try bargain hunting for all items you purchase for the child, be it toys or clothes. Since in hardly 6 months the child would have outgrown the things you have purchased and people are too busy to notice. Spend big bugs only were needed, in all other cases bargain hunt.
Does your child understand a brand? No. Then it really does not make sense throwing out your hard earned money, just to please people. Your child will not even notice or know the cost of the items you have spent. Spend money on him/her when he notices and gives credit to you.
Don’t stop your baby fund, even if you are dipping into the baby fund for non-reimbursable expenses. These funds would help for the ongoing education. After that the higher education fund you have created would take over.
First to the Doctor and doctors are not cheap, add to that the medicines and diet, till delivery and regular visit to doctors. So you thought everything was cheap, think again. First thing you need to start planning is medical expenses. Try and get a medical insurance which would take care of these expenses.
It would be difficult to get everything out of insurance. So you would need to plan for these expenses. Now let’s assume you have taken care of the first hurdle. The next step is after the child is born. Child care for a new born is not cheap; taking the Indian society and social pressure, the cost would just keep mounting.
First there would be the costs of Pediatric care, in the initial years. And do not forget the cost of sweets and party for the naming ceremony for the new born. It’s better to be happy about the child being born, than to keep cursing throughout your life. Start keeping some money aside to take care of these expenses.
So start a child fund, to take care of pre-delivery and post delivery non-reimbursed expenses for 5 years.
Scared? There is still more to come. The expenses mentioned above would be for around 5 years; this could be different depending on the circumstances. Now comes the schooling time. Please remember things change when a child is born. If both of you were earning, there could be circumstances where one would need to stop working, to take care of the child. Your income goes down, so don’t you think you should plan?
As soon as the child is born, start investing in a good child care mutual fund on a regular basis. This would start building the corpus for higher studies. As you are aware higher education is not cheap and the cost would just keep creeping up.
This may sound cheap, but you need to rethink.
Try bargain hunting for all items you purchase for the child, be it toys or clothes. Since in hardly 6 months the child would have outgrown the things you have purchased and people are too busy to notice. Spend big bugs only were needed, in all other cases bargain hunt.
Does your child understand a brand? No. Then it really does not make sense throwing out your hard earned money, just to please people. Your child will not even notice or know the cost of the items you have spent. Spend money on him/her when he notices and gives credit to you.
Don’t stop your baby fund, even if you are dipping into the baby fund for non-reimbursable expenses. These funds would help for the ongoing education. After that the higher education fund you have created would take over.
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